Prions (Smaller Creatures from the virus) and disease caused

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy / BSE) is a disease caused by infectious materials are known and are called prions. BSE attacks the cow and the signs of BSE was found in a cow in Washington, United States, causing panic throughout the world.
Why does the panic come from? Because the United States is a major producer of beef and its derivatives and suspected prion that causes BSE can be transmitted to humans and cause disease in medical terms is called subacute spongiform encephalopathy (SSE).

Prion

World health is always confronted with new phenomena whenever science and technology had revealed something new. Prion protein (PrP) or so-called prion is a protein derived from animal brain tissue affected by inflammatory disease of the brain is not known why the so-called bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Prions are not living a complete objects like bacteria, viruses or protozoa. Prions can be distinguished from a virus or viroid nucleic acids because they do not have and therefore he is resistant to all procedures aimed at changing or hydrolize nucleic acids including the protease enzyme, ultraviolet light, radiation and various chemical substances such as detergents, substances that cause denaturation (damage) protein such as disinfectant drugs or a heating / boiling. But a surprising prions have the ability to reproduce themselves through a mechanism that until now unknown. Prion until now regarded as a thing that is responsible for the incident encephalopathy mad cow disease (BSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler Syndrome, Kuru disease and similar diseases arising paralysis in certain families. All had the same symptoms of brain tissue degenerates into a hollow object? small hole like a rubber foam or sponge and therefore referred to as spongiform encephalopathy, the situation in line with limb movement disorder / paralysis occurring more and more severe and eventually lead to death .. Actually, the structure of the prion gene have been found, and note also that in infected animals and the experimental inoculation of prions, there will be accumulation of prions in brain tissue. Suspected prion spread through and in the nerve tissue. The gap of knowledge about molecular biology and pathogenesis of prion diseases it causes, is still large and intensive research is being done to reduce that gap.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease dan CJD varians
Symptoms of CJD begins slowly with the appearance of confusion, then emerged a progressive dementia, and difficulties arise berjalan.serta shaking. Furthermore, attacking the disease rapidly and death usually occurs within 3-12 months, with an average of 7 months. CJD disease has been reported by various countries in the world, including the United States, Chile, Slovakia and Israel. But in mid-1999 have reported more than 40 similar cases of CJD known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) and almost all cases comes from the UK, the country where in 10 years before an outbreak of BSE that afflicts thousands of cows. Concerns that arise due to the possibility of transmission of CJD by eating beef infected with prions that cause doing epidemiological research on a large scale. The results to date suggest that the new variant CJD may indeed exist. Cebagai the disease known as vCJD, reportedly appeared in the UK and several European countries. However, CJD and vCJD are actually two different things, because unlike CJD who attacked elderly people (60-80 years, and more than 99% attacked more than 35 years of age), vCJD attacking young children (20-30 years), in addition elektroensefalografipun examination results are different, and the course of the disease vCJD is longer than CJD. Variant CJD lasts 12? CJD 15 months whereas only 3-6 months. In experiments on rat brain, the brain was sick cow disease can transmit the same spongiform encephalopathy in mice. Nevertheless BSE is not necessarily a cause vCJD. Because even though the disease is similar but more obvious differences that support that vCJD might be just a variant of CJD discovered after a massive epidemiological study in connection with the alleged possibility of BSE as a cause of CJD.

Infection control
Prions are known to cause illness in animals that mad cow disease, scrapie in sheep and goats, as well as encephalopathy transmitted to the minks, and the deer. Four prion is known to cause neurodegenerative diseases that are transmitted. (transmissible neuro degenerative disease) in humans is CJD, Gertsmann-Scheinker syndrome, Kuru and fatal disease familial insomnia. As has been discussed in advance, in 1999 a new variant CJD (vCJD) emerged and its presence is associated with mad cow disease. Yet until now there has been no documented evidence that prion infection in humans occurs due to transmission of prions from animals. Until now only human being who is believed as a reservoir of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. The literature records, transmission of CJD from humans to humans can occur in the use of unsterile equipment of prions, for example, has been reported in corneal transplant surgery, and the use of silver electrodes on stereotaktik Electroencephalography. In the laboratory study, brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord containing the prions will continue to transmit the disease when given to primates and other animals.
Transmission of prion-related CJD is still difficult to control through sterilization because it is resistant to common sterilization methods include boiling in water until boiling, providing ultraviolet radiation, ionizing radiation, alcohol 70%, and 10% formalin.